Everythings Gonna Be Alright free essay sample

The primary seven day stretch of secondary school. It’s loaded up with dread and expectation. The vast majority of us have or will encounter this inclination at once or another. However, as we discover, things as a rule end up being alright. I was feeling truly acceptable as I got back home off the transport that friday, my first official seven day stretch of first year finished effectively with no setbacks. Everything would have been alright, I had thought. The sun was still brilliant in the sky and I could feel its glow on my arms as I went after the key and opened the front entryway. I could as of now hear the tune of my mother’s three little canines, kids a few people like to call them, as I turned the key in the lock. I opened the entryway and was met by a multitude of squirming tails, cushy ears and wet tongues. Shutting the entryway behind me, I set my knapsack previously loaded up with schoolwork onto the patio floor. Murmuring, I strolled into the kitchen and filled one of mom’s clear plastic cups with water before strolling into the sufficiently bright lounge where my mother was sitting in a languid kid chair perusing her day by day paper. â€Å"Hey mom,† I said indifferently. She turned upward from the paper and smiled.I see her face previously demonstrating snicker lines and wrinkles, yet as yet resembling a similar mother I’ve consistently known. â€Å"Hey nectar, how was school?† she asked, putting her paper aside on the little side table. â€Å"Good, yet I have homework.† I murmured, letting the word schoolwork out %like it was no-no. Mother snickered, â€Å"I recognize what we ought to do at that point, gives up riding. That will brighten you up. Go get the ponies outfitted up, I’ll be correct out.† Practically running, I pulled on my riding boots and darted out the entryway, not trying to stop for a head protector or gloves. I eased back myself down as I got out toward the outbuilding lastly arrived at the field. I was welcomed by the *sound of sixteen roaring hooves, and for those of us who are terrible at math, that implies four ponies. I pushed open the unpleasant wooden stable entryway, blurred with age and climate. I got two bridles from the nails on the divider, one blue and one pink. I ventured pull out into the evening light and pushed open the entryway. â€Å"You folks, move off the beaten path, honestly.† I waved my arms to motion toward the ponies to back up from the entryway as I attempted futile to open it effectively. I at last pushed my way through and got into the enclosure. â€Å"Shasta, Apollo, come here.† I stated, in trusts Magick and Dancer, would some way or another comprehend that they weren’t being taken care of like they thought. I immediately slipped the pink strap onto the female horse, Shasta, my mother’s to some degree short pony. She was a dazzling chestnut shading, with a brilliant mane and tail. She plunged her head down, laying it on my shoulder as I slipped the clasp into the third opening of her strap. I immediately snapped a lead rope onto the little loop at the base and afterward strolled over to Apollo. Apollo was my most current pony, a marginally taller gelding, and a dazzling brilliant shading over his whole bodylike a sunflower, with a white mane and tail. His eyes were a profound chocolate earthy colored loaded up with thoughtfulness. â€Å"It’s alright kid, I’m just going to put this strap on, and we are going to go for a little ride.† I mumbled before delicately sliding it onto his nose and over his ears. I snapped another lead rope onto Apollo’s bridle and drove the two ponies out, rapidly pivoting in the wake of ensuring they were away from the entryway to keep the other two in. As we strolled to the trailer sitting alongside the animal dwellingplace, the other two ponies nickered to their companions as though they may never observe them again. I at last arrived at the trailer and I attached the ponies to the brilliant red snares, one on each end. I effectively tied slip hitches that could without much of a stretch be fixed in the event that a pony frightened or fell as I had been educated. As I strolled back to the stable to snatch the preparing unit, I saw my mom show up from around the bend of the house, her kids trailing behind her. I strolled into the outbuilding and snatched the preparing unit from a rack on the dusty, spider web invaded stable divider and strolled back tothe ponies. At the point when I returned, mother was at that point caught up with getting tack, which was all the seats and harnesses, and setting it out on the ground alongside the ponies. Rapidly, she set about her daily schedule of outfitting and harnessing her pony. I watched her with wonderment as I regularly did, flabbergasted at how little exertion it appeared to accept her as her hands, worn with long periods of work and starting to capitulate to joint inflammation on cool days, some way or another tied those little bunches and set each lock in its proper place. I looked as she so deftly lifted her seat and flung it on her horse’s back, her little, short casing extraordinarily outsized in width by the seat yet so effectively she appeared to deal with it with beauty. I immediately did likewise, outfitting and harnessing Apollo. Mother looked apprehensive as I unfastened him from the trailer and put my foot in the stirrup. â€Å"Maybe I should simply lead you around first, we don’t truly know him that well yet,† she expressed as she stroked Shasta’s face, her fingers hitching in her mane. â€Å"Okay, simply loosen his leadrope.† I gestured to the rope currently dangling from the snare where he had been tied. She fixed the rope and snapped it back onto Apollo’s strap and drove us away toward the west field, where there were no ponies. As she opened the steel bar door, and let the chain fall, Apollo frightened, bouncing to the side. I got a handle on the horn of my seat, and immediately pulled back on my reins. He calmed rapidly and I let him represent a couple of moments to unwind before I asked him forward into the field. Mother strolled at a quick pace close to us, with the rope dangling freely from her hands. Her pooches ran unreservedly around us, sniffing the old heaps of manure and they sporadically ran off to pursue fanciful squirrels.I smelled the sweet pre-fall air, the smell of calfskin, clean, and the aroma of grain and feed surronding me.As we circumnavigated the field for the third time, the sun was beginning to melt away and I was starting t o figure I could go all alone soon. As one of my mother’s hound ran past, it ran directly underneath Apollo’s stomach. He frightened, his rear feet going into the air and sending me taking off from my seat. Everything I could think mid-flight was â€Å"Land on your side, ensure your head.† And I did only that. Sadly, this likewise prompted my arm snapping. I knew when I hit the ground that it was down and out, the recognizable sting made me support it near my body as I moved onto my back, the recollections of past broken bones flooding my brain; my correct arm twice, my tail bone, and my correct lower leg. I could taste the earth in my mouth. Yet, that was quickly overlooked as I attempted to sit up to watch Apollo and my mom as she attempted to contain him, as he raised, kicked lastly she lost her grasp and he jogged from the field and my sights. Before long my mother’s voice came into my awareness, and she hurried to my side. â€Å"Everything is going to be alright, Emily, where does it harmed? Your arm? Can you move?† Tears began to move down her cheeks, as I’m sure she censured herself for what had simply occurred. The tears move down her face, slipping into the wrinkles and alcoves and corners. I took a full breath and sat up, torment shooting from my arm and right knee. I looked down at my arm just because and saw it was screwy and bowed like a messed up crayon.My mother’s hands contact consistent me. I was thankful then like never before for their quality as she bolstered me. At this point my dad had driven the van out to the field, as he had heard my mother hollering and saw the pony running riderless. My folks helped me stand and climb warily into the vehicle. As my dad locked me in, his huge, unpleasant, calloused hands battling with the safety belt, I out of nowhere recalled the pony. I watched my mom delicately approach Apollo, running her hands tenderly along his neck before solidly getting a handle on the lead rope. I watched her walk him back to the trailer and unsaddle him, remove his harness and afterward lead him once more into the field and let him go. I began to recollect what had simply occurred as I trust that my mom will stroll back to the van. Apollo frightened when one of the dog’s ran underneath of him. My best speculation is he had at one point been nibbled by a canine, and he presently feared them. I didn’t censure him for his past encounters. Yet, I knew now that in view of what had simply happened mother wasn’t going to be cheerful, and he wasn’t going to work for us. We quite often rode with the canines, and if Apollo feared them, he would need to locate another home. My mother moved into the rear of the van and slid the entryway shut, her body listed into the seat. My father put the van in drive and set out toward the emergency clinic. My mom looked more established now with stress. I considered her in the rearview reflect on the crash into town. The lines in her face appeared to be increasingly characterized by one way or another, and her hands shook marginally as she got a handle on the safety belt close to her chest. No parent needs to see their youngster get injured. She had consistently been solid for me, yet as we got into the medical clinic pass through and the attendants seemed to push me to the closest crisis room bed I recognized tears welling clearly once more. Presently it was my chance to be solid for my mom. I took a gander at my arm again as the medical caretakers began to move around me, examining. I jumped as they arrived at my knee, which I would later learn was hyper-extended, and cried when they went to put a thermometer on my wrecked center finger. I hadn’t felt the torment of my finger through the agony of my arm. As I sat sitting tight for the x-beams, I grinned. I might be in torment now, however I knew everything was going to okay. My arm would mend, and I would have returned to riding in a matter of seconds. My mother strolled in and asked how I was doing, looking with stress at my swollen arm. â€Å"I’m going to be okay,

Risk Management and the Supply Chain Research Paper

Hazard Management and the Supply Chain - Research Paper Example As per the exploration discoveries, it can, in this manner, be said that implausibility in an event of obscure hazard is viewed as a harming component to flexibly chain of associations. For example, these events are ascribed different cataclysmic events, which incorporate tremors and storms. A noteworthy part of obscure hazard is outcomes that can't be foreordained; through they effectsly affect the flexibly chain of an association. For instance, the seismic tremor is a kind of obscure hazard, which happened in Japan on March 11, 2010, prompting the obliteration of foundations that bolstered gracefully chain in the nation. For this situation, this obscure hazard intruded on the force frameworks and crushed foundations by dumping flotsam and jetsam on streets, which meddled with the vehicle framework. Apparently, this seismic tremor prompted a huge interference of a gracefully chain, which is related with various Japanese organizations. Obviously, there were interferences brought abou t by this catastrophe, for example, stopping creation in organizations working from the north and east of Japan; actually, they had to clear. Subsequently, these organizations were exposed to this obscure danger of outcomes, for example, shutting the plant because of stun brought about by the seismic tremor were not envisioned. On the organizations influenced by this debacle was Renesas, which is a producer of microcontrollers, whereby they were exposed to this obscure hazard that prompted the conclusion of six offices. Harms coming about because of this debacle negatively affect different parts that help gracefully chains, for example, ports, railroad lines, and streets. In this way, merchandise are neither shipped to nearby nor worldwide markets. For example, an event of the earth in Japan prompted an obstruction of activities in different associations that are advertise based, for example, Sony, whose gracefully chain was essentially influenced. Evidently, the effect of this seis mic tremor was likewise transmitted to the worldwide market since different nations experience a decrease of the car parts and hardware that are offered by Japanese advertisers to universal markets. The most effective method to Mitigate the Risk Unknown hazard is moderated by putting resources into limit and sourcing repetition so as to create strength in a gracefully chain. For this situation, the adequacy of flexibly chain offers a method of alleviating hazard, which is brought about by events, for example, seismic tremors. By the by, expanding the adequacy of the flexibly chain requires an examining investigation of exchange offs included. Putting resources into repetition can permit an organization to build its adaptability as far as flexibly chain, whereby it is incorporated with double sourcing and excess assembling limit, which can be founded on seaward nations. Subsequently, expanding adaptability can encourage diminishing expense of shipping items starting with one area the n onto the next. Putting resources into repetition can help an organization in tackling the issues related by flexibly chain, for example, interferences of the vehicle framework brought about by tremors. On the other hand, this hazard can be relieved through an expansion of speed in detecting and reacting to the tremor catastrophes and this requires an organization to have the ability to react to these unforeseen issues in a convenient and sufficient way.

Histroy 101 Western Civ Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Histroy 101 Western Civ - Essay Example Athens as a law based state was abundantly underscored during the fourth century BC albeit numerous verifiable reports have indicated that majority rule government as a lifestyle was a lot of rehearsed as right on time as 5 B.C. The word Demos implies two significant things for Athenians-â€Å"village† and â€Å"people†. Town was the littlest unit of government around then. Individuals had a place with a specific town; truth be told, men who are in any event 18 years old could take part in the Assembly. The Assembly was gone to by anybody from the town that needs to have their voice heard. This included Demosthenes who vigorously reprimands residents to review certain occasions since the individuals were constantly present in such Assembly (Blackwell, 2003, p6). It was of grave significance to consistently take care of the worries being talked about during the said gathering. The qualities of such a gathering demonstrated the law based standards of Athens. To start with , anybody can talk paying little mind to exchange or position in the public arena, particularly if the current issue is about administration. For different worries that required specific information, a skilled worker is called forward to shed sentiment on such issues (Blackwell, p7). These principles during a gathering suggest that popular government was exceptionally esteemed and effectively rehearsed. Majority rule government isn't only an elevated perfect since it was rehearsed by the residents. The gathering just shows how riches is viewed as sub-par compared to the popularity based privileges of its residents (Lewis and Lewis,p.219). The act of majority rule government was additionally uplifted by Pericles during 460 B.C. Beforehand, open authorities were designated dependent on riches or birth status. Such standards for open office were proclaimed by Solon or Cleisthenes. Pericles made the determination progressively popularity based by permitting benefactors to speak to slave s and occupant outsiders, which is alluded to as uniformity of chance. Albeit such practice earned analysis of students of history since they trusted it advanced â€Å"aristocracy†, the imperative to consider was the way that agents were picked dependent on merit. Legitimacy does exclude riches nor birth status which permitted men from varying backgrounds to have a state in issues of the state. This way of thinking of Pericles is again a case of how majority rule goals pervaded the political structure and administration of Athens. Strikingly, craftsmanship turned into a willing mechanism of majority rule goals for this human progress. The gathering gave enough feed to dramatists to make plays that can be viewed as political parody. In a similar way, the epic Iliad which is a shocking portrayal of fights is likewise said to have a basic tone of political parody. As indicated by Stewart, The Battle Between Frogs and The Mice is really a parody with a radical topic. Once more, t he pertinence of political parody with regards to popularity based goals is that such fine arts express how careful Athenians are over issues that worry their country. Pacifism is a way of thinking clung to by Athenians for they were not men of war like Spartans. Despite the fact that pundits may differ with such stand, this accentuates to understudies of history that this general public regarded the assessment of its residents. Ultimately, the ensemble setting in Greek plays likewise shows the beliefs of popular government in Athens. Studies relating performing expressions declare that â€Å"Performance reflects, encodes social models† (Goldhill and Osborne, 27). Majority rules system is communicated by the choir’

Social Responsibilities :: essays research papers fc

Social Responsibilities: 1.     Health Aspect a.     Find better approaches to eliminate fat and calories Is Starbucks adding to the developing weight issue with American culture? You be the adjudicator. I for one was stunned at the healthful realities on their items (Figure 1). Some inexpensive food places offer more advantageous items than a portion of the Starbucks items (Figure 2). The wholesome realities hovered in red in figure 1 and figure 2 shows that one cup of Starbucks Pumpkin Spice Crã ¨me with whip is less dietary than a whole dinner at McDonalds. Envision what the nourishing realities would resemble in the event that you incorporated a Classic Coffee Cake with your espresso refreshment! (Figure 1.2)  â â â â â â â â â The Starbucks dietary benefits recorded beneath are not totally exact as appeared in the accompanying proclamation: â€Å"The nourishment data for refreshments depends on Starbucksâ ® normalized drink plans. Since every one of our drinks is carefully assembled and might be modified, some variety can be normal. The information is determined utilizing ESHA Research’s Genesisâ ® R&D programming. All information is adjusted to meet current United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) bundled nourishments marking regulations.† Works refered to: (http://www.starbucks.com/retail/nutrition_info.asp) This implies relying upon your taste, the fat substance and calories could be more than what is appeared in the outline. Figure 1 †Starbucks Nutritional Facts (Beverages) (http://www.starbucks.com/retail/nutrition_info.asp) Figure 1.2 †Starbucks Nutritional Facts (Food Items) (http://www.starbucks.com/retail/nutrition_freshfood_detail.asp) Figure 2 †McDonalds Nutritional Facts (http://app.mcdonalds.com/bagamcmeal) What is Starbucks wanting to do to bring down fat and calories in their items? Starbucks is offering non-fat milk and soy to help cut back down the excess and calories. The elective fixings do adjust the flavor a piece, so it may not be the decision of most clients. b.     Advertise to open about fat substance of their items It appears Starbucks doesn’t need the overall population to truly know how terrible the healthful realities are front and center in their stores. On the off chance that you stroll into a Starbucks store you see generally photos of a portion of their least healthful espresso drinks since they look the most tempting. I think if more individuals knew how awful Starbucks items were they would see a noteworthy decrease in income. This would be particularly obvious with today’s low carb, low fat wellbeing patterns. Starbucks does anyway give a pleasant dietary realities graph on their site, yet who is taking a gander at the site while requesting in any case? Supposedly Starbucks anticipates taking care of America’s sweet tooth and will keep on filling them out.

Online Decisions = YES

Online Decisions = YES We are pleased to announce that MIT admissions decisions will be made available online in addition to the standard postal mailing. We expect to release decisions on Saturday, March 18 at 12:00PM EST (Eastern Standard Time). If this date/time changes for any reason, it will be announced on MyMIT. Decisions will be available to those who meet all of the following criteria: You have applied for freshman admission (not transfer or graduate). Your intended entry year (as designated in your MyMIT account) is 2006. You applied in Regular Action, or were deferred in Early Action (the system is unable to display decisions for those who applied in Early Action and received a final action in December i.e. admitted or denied). What is the process for receiving my admissions decision online? In order to check your decision online, you will need to have registered for a MyMIT account and you will need to know your username and password. When decisions are released, simply visit https://decisions.mit.edu and log in using the same username and password that you use to log into your MyMIT account. There are no interim screens, so you should be sure you wish to receive your decision online before logging in to decisions.mit.edu. If you are using remember me functionality with your MyMIT account, we strongly advise you to log out and log back in to be 100% certain that you know your correct username and password. We will not be in the office on the weekend that decisions are released, so to prevent any delays, you should confirm your username and password well in advance by logging into your MyMIT account. What if Ive forgotten my MyMIT password? You may use our automated system to reset it. Simply visit my.mit.edu and click on the lost password link in the orange log-in box on the left. If youre having trouble using our automated username/password recovery process, or if youve forgotten your username, please email [emailprotected] with your full name and mailing address. Well use this information to locate you in our system and reset your password within a few days. What if I dont have a MyMIT account? If you do not currently have a MyMIT account and you wish to receive your decision online, you will need to register for one using your MIT ID, which was sent to you via postal mail soon after receiving your application. If you have misplaced your MIT ID, or if you never received it, you may call our office to get it (please note that you will be asked to give some personal information for verification). If you register without your MIT ID, your username and password may not work on decisions.mit.edu. Will there be any indication of my admissions decision in my MyMIT account? Although they use the same username and password information for login purposes, decisions.mit.edu and my.mit.edu are intentionally distinct sites. This is to ensure that those who do not wish to receive their decisions online will not have to. That said, admitted students will see the addition of the Admitted Student Portlet in their MyMIT account beginning on or after Thursday, March 23. (Rejected and waitlisted applicants will not see a change.) If you do not wish to receive your decision online and you have not received your postal letter by Thursday, youll want to take a brief vacation from your MyMIT account until your letter arrives in the mail.

Depiction Of Mama In Everyday Use Movie - Free Essay Example

Nowadays, the younger generation seems to drift away from their roots and there is a story of Alice Walker named Everyday Use portraying a picture of this phenomenon. The story then was adapted to the same name movie following the plot and keeping the same characters. Although both the story and movie represent that Mama wants to keep the items from their familyrs past and give it to someone who would appreciate the familyrs heritage, I prefer to watch the movie because it is more authentic and has more sense of progression. In the story, Mama is stronger as she is a large, big-boned woman with rough, man-working hands. She can kill and clean a hog as mercilessly as a man. Moreover, when mentioning about Dee, Mama already has animosity towards her. Although she likes the different qualities Dee possesses, she is sometimes threatened because those qualities are unfamiliar to her. She seems to resent the education as well as the air of superiority of Dee over the years She washed us in a river of make-believe, burned us with a lot of knowledge we didnt necessarily need to know. Pressed us to her with the serious way she read, to shove us away at just the moment, like dimwits, we seemed about to understand.. She clearly understands that Maggie is destined to live a life which is similar to her while Dee lives in a world which she would never know a world making Dee depreciate her. Therefore, the story is on the track of playing out that animosity as Dee finally puts her too far. In the movie, however, Mama appears to be gentler. There is a scene showing her embracing Deers picture, which really touches viewers and offers them a glimpse of a motherrs unconditional love towards her daughter. Moreover, instead of harshly describing the limitation of Maggie as in the story, she shows more love towards her shy daughter. She looks at Maggie affectionately because she knows what has happened to her little daughter. Moreover, because of her unconditional love, she has some illusions about Dee. She is delighted when Dee promised to come home after years, and she is first confusing and disappointed as well as irritated by Deers superior attitude towards her and Maggie. Especially, the discussion between Dee and Mama when the former announces she has changed her name to Wangero becomes more comedic and sounds more ironic. At that time, the way Mama looks at Dee changes as if she does not know whether the girl in front of her is her beloved Dee or not. During the meal, she kind of protects Maggie and sees that Maggie has accepted the injustices of the world. In Maggie, she seems to see herself. She gradually realizes the separation which exists between Dee and the family when Dee acts strangely and superiorly during the meal. She learns something that she has never known about her daughter, and her realization of that knowledge drives the plot. Thanks to watching the video, readers can have a clearer picture of what the author wants to say because the quality of the movie is high, the setting is authentic, and the acting is good. Furthermore, the movie gradually and quietly describes many of Walkerrs important details about costumes and setting throu gh painfully bright dress and the sunglasses of Dee, the peaceful swept yard in front of the house, and the worn handle on the butter churn. In conclusion, although both the story and the film all have high quality and focus on the importance of maintaining oners heritage as well as challenge people to appreciate their own roots, the movie is easier to understand and has a little more sense of progression than in the story as it helps viewers picture the plot and to understand the personality of each character.

A Look At Capital Asset Pricing Model Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 10 Words: 2905 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Compare and contrast essay Did you like this example? The Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) has been invented by Sharpe (1964), and Lintner (1965) after the work of Markowitzs in 1959. Since then the model has known tremendous success, its simplicity has lured many professionals and academics as well. Despite many criticisms, the CAPM is still used in modern finance and is widely present in finance textbooks. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "A Look At Capital Asset Pricing Model Finance Essay" essay for you Create order On the other hand we have the Arbitrage Pricing Theory (APT), a less restricted model when compared to the CAPM, but with its own limitations as well. The APT, invented by Ross in 1976, tries to capture the non-market influences that are responsible in making assets to move in tandem. Both models are definitely different in some aspects, and therefore their effectiveness differs. In the literature we find many studies around the two models where some even tried to compare between the two, this chapter aims at reviewing those studies that have described and tested the models as well as introducing the Stock Exchange of Mauritius. The motivation behind this study is to find out which of the models is the most appropriate to predict return in relation to the risks. Moreover little study has been done about them and no research has been carried out yet to find out which of the two is more effective. The financial environment prevailing in Mauritius is juvenile, despite rapid growth in th e industry it is still small yet well regulated when compared to other countries financial markets. There is a gap in the literature as no comparison between the two models has been made for Mauritius! introduction to the Stock Exchange of Mauritius: The Stock Exchange of Mauritius (SEM) was established in the year 1989 under the Stock Exchange Act 1988. There are two markets under the SEM namely Official List (for listed companies) and Over-the-Counter market (for unlisted companies). There are three market indices namely SEMDEX, SEMTRI, and SEM-7. The size of the SEM is rather small compared to others worldwide and the market capitalization to date is USD 1.4 billion  [1] Review of the theoretical literature: The CAPM, underpinning theory in finance among academics and practitioners in the industry, has had a history full of supportive research and contradictive findings. The theory itself was developed by, Sharpe (1964), and Lintner (1965), following the work of Markowitz on portfolio theory in 1959. Basically CAPM states an investor has the choice of exposing himself to a considerable amount of risk through a combination of lending-borrowing and a correctly composed portfolio of risky securities (Petros, 2012, p2). Moreover it is said that higher risk, which is known as the beta (ÃÆ'Ã… ½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ²), is associated with higher level of returns. In more technical terms we can say that the expected return on an asset above the risk-free rate is linearly related to the non-diversifiable risk (market risk) as measured by the assets beta. Despite many criticisms surrounding this theory, the CAPM is still a widely used theory because of its simplicity and is one of the most important chapter s in portfolio theory. Moreover, it is still the centrepiece of many investment and financial market courses (Choudhary and Choudhary, 2006, p2). The CAPM is an intuitive model and that is why managers still use it in justifying investments despite 30 years of critics over its assumptions and usefulness. Equation of the CAPM: a = rf + ÃÆ'Ã… ½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ²a (m rf ) Where: rf is the risk free rate, ÃÆ'Ã… ½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ²a is the beta of the security, m is the expected market return. According to the CAPM, if the market is efficient, the risk premium and the expected return on an asset will vary in direct proportion to the beta value. The beta factor or beta value designates the marginal contribution of the share to the risk of the whole market portfolio or risky securities. The assumptions underlying the CAPM:  There are many investors who are all price takers. All investors plan to invest over the same horizon. There are no taxes or transaction costs. Investors can borrow and lend at the same risk-free rate over the planned investment horizon. Investors only care about expected return and variance. All investors have the same information and beliefs about the distribution of returns. 7. The market portfolio consists of all publicly traded assets. Though the CAPM is popular, it has had many critics in the literature, indeed the very attractive feature of the model, namely its simplicity, sometimes poses problem. As such CAPM has proved to be unreliable in some cases, indeed in Greece CAPM proved to be a weak model to predict return as the findings show that higher beta is not necessarily associated with higher level of return. Nevertheless it does explain excess return and therefore it has its usefulness. (Michailidis et al, 2006). It is stated that there is a need fo r a more complicated model and the assumptions on which the theory is based are often unrealistic (Fama and French, 2004). This is because it is not conceivable to think that investors care only about the mean-variance of one-period portfolio returns, other dimensions of risks need to be considered, for example labour income and future investment opportunities that the variance miss out. Adding to this Roll (1977) mentioned that having the market portfolio at the heart of the model is theoretically and empirically elusive and the data required are sometimes difficult to obtain, thus encouraging the use of proxies and not the true market portfolios and therefore weakens the theory in a sense. Yu (2003) mentioned that from the research he has carried out, he found that the relationship between risk and return is non linear, also he found that asset return can be predicted using other factors as well. Moreover, research in the late 1970s has revealed that there are other factors which are also important. Indeed we have variables like size, various price ratios and momentum that add to the explanation of average returns provided by beta. Such problems are enough to invalidate the CAPM. (Fama and French, 2004). Therefore on this note we can already conclude that there are factors which have better prediction power, this was mentioned by Fama and French (1996) whereby it is said that accounting ratios and size of the firm can even do better than the CAPM (Petros, 2012, p2). Critics do not stop here, indeed Roll (1977) said that the market in the theory of CAPM is not about a single equity market, but rather an index of all wealth. Thus bonds, property, foreign assets, human capital and any tangibles or intangibles that increase the wealth of people should be inclusive of the market. (Petros, 2012, p7) Therefore it is found that CAPM might be very popular and surprisingly still in use, a need for a different and less restrictive model was needed in order to provide a more realistic prediction. This fact has created a need for a better model, or at least a model that can get over the limitations of CAPM, and there was invented the Arbitrage Pricing Theory (APT), a model that has more factor loadings and which has no restriction on the variables to be taken into account. The APT was developed by Ross in the year 1976 and as a multi factor model it has had quite some success. It is known to be a one-period model for which there is prevention of arbitrage over static portfolios of the assets being taken into consideration thus leading to a linear relationship between the expected return and its covariance with the factors. It can be said that the theory provides arbitrage-free pricing to existing assets. (Huberman and Wang, 2005) The APT has the feature of capturing the non-market influences which are responsible for making assets to move in tandem. Thus idiosyncratic factors that affect returns can be diversified away. Therefore under APT the i nvestors are supposed to be rewarded only for the systematic risks they are undertaking, that is risks that cannot be diversified away. Being a multifactor model, the APT has the power to include several factors that influence return, and hence it is considered to be a more precise model for evaluating expected return over given risks. The factors used under the APT are diverse, though no guidance is given in the literature to which factors to be used, statistical techniques are available to pick the right factor and plug into the model. The equation of the APT is not restricted in terms of variables all the factors that have an impact on return can be included in the model. Here is the equation for the APT: Expected Return = rf + ÃÆ'Ã… ½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ²1 (factor 1) + ÃÆ'Ã… ½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ²2 (factor 2) + + ÃÆ'Ã… ½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ²n (factor n) Where: rf = the risk free interest rate, which is the interest rate the investor would expect to receive from a risk-free investment. ÃÆ'Ã… ½  ² = the sensitivity of the stock or security to each factor. factor = the risk premium associated with each factor. The problem with APT is that it lacks theoretical support for the factor loadings to be used. The freedom of choosing the factors to be included in the model does provide flexibility and improve accuracy. However there is the danger of picking the wrong factors or missing the right ones, therefore proper statistical methods need to be applied in order to include only all those factors that have an impact on returns. Azeez and Yonoezawa (2003) reiterated this fact by pointing out that no theoretical guidance is provided for the right economic influences that need to be plugged into the model. (Paavola, 2006, p9) Usually the statistical methods used are Principle Component Analysis and Factor Analysis, these two seems to provide the most accurate way of picking the right factors. Before comparing the two models in any country, it is important to know the differences first. Indeed there is a growing literature that tends to favour APT over CAPM because of the restrictive nature of the latter. As such, the APT being a multiple factor model allows multiple sources of systematic risks to be taken into account, performs better than the CAPM. (Paavola, 2006) However CAPM has not been retired from the financial world and is still in use, along with its other variants (example: ICAPM). The differences between the CAPM and the APT are as follows: The CAPM is more about how investors construct efficient portfolios and is derived from the mean variance analysis, whereas, as mentioned by Brealey et al. (2008), the APT assumes that equitys return depend on macroeconomic factors and partly on noise (Paavola, 2006, p3). Unlike the CAPM, the APT is less restrictive in its assumption and therefore allows for an explanatory model of asset return. For the CAPM we have only the market index whereas for APT we assume that the investor will be holding a unique portfolio with its own set of betas. With APT it is possible to make predictions using a proxy for the market, whereas with CAPM this is not possible. Nevertheless, despite the differences between the two theories, APT can still be a substitute to CAPM. As a matter of fact, both agree that there is a linear relationship between the expected return of the assets and their covariance, which is a measure of risks that investors cannot avoid, with other variables. Still the two models have a few differences, but it is the potency of the model that is most important and so far the literature has been more lenient to APT than CAPM. There is definitely a conflict between simplicity and accuracy, the use of either model will depend on the context and the availability of information. But the methodology that is typical to the two also matters, some information (such as factor loadings) need to be extracted or estimated, and the methods of estimation might sometime r aise doubts over the precision of the model. Review of the empirical literature: The early empirical tests on the CAPM usually were based upon certain implications, indeed we note that expected returns on all assets are linearly related to their betas, and no other variable has marginal explanatory power. Moreover beta premium is positive implying that the expected return on market portfolio is higher than the expected return on assets whose returns are not correlated with the market return minus the risk free rate. All of these implications are hinting towards the fact that these tests were carried out using regressions. Either it was cross-section or time series regressions (Fama and French,2004). To test CAPM, either individual assets can be used, or these assets can be grouped as portfolios. This was done by Black, Jensen and Scholes (1972), they decided to group the stocks of the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) into portfolios within a time frame of 34 years (1931 to 1965). From that the results were that high beta intercepts tend to be negative, unlike a l ow beta intercept which tend to be positive (Choudhary and Choudhary, 2006, p2). Other studies have used similar methodology, as such Choudhary and Choudhary (2006) who followed the suggested methodology of Black et al (1972) and went to fetch the closing prices of some 278 companies from the BSR 500 index and as market portfolio, the monthly closing values of the BSE Sensex Index were used to measure risk free return, the yield on 91-days treasury bills of the Government of India was taken. The study covered the period from January 1996 to December 2009, here again we have a portfolio formation process starting with the period 1996-98 that was used to estimate the beta of the individual securities and ranked them by beta and construct 1 to 20 portfolios. The beta was estimated using the monthly return, the stock monthly return was regressed against the chosen market index, and as mentioned above the 278 were grouped into portfolios of 20. This was done in order to eliminate firm -specific part of returns, thus improving the precision of the estimates of the beta and the expected rate of return of the portfolios. The conclusion was such that it voided the basic hypothesis of the theory (higher beta yield to higher returns), and the prediction that the intercept to be equal to zero and that the slope should be equal to the excess returns on the market portfolio was contradicted. However the linear structure of the CAPM as a good explanation of security returns was confirmed. Similar methodology was used by Petros (2006) and again the basic hypothesis of CAPM was inconsistent with the findings. Moreover the linear relationship between expected return and beta was again confirmed. Thus it can be found that using the CAPM to make predictions about return is not the best choice. According to Roll (1997) such time-series and cross-section regressions do not really test the CAPM, what is rather tested is whether or not a specific proxy for the market portfolio i s efficient in the set of portfolios that can be constructed from it. Adding to this, there might be problem fetching data, because the data for true market portfolio of all assets are likely beyond reach (Fama and French, 2004). Critics about CAPM do not stop here, in the literature we have Basu (1977), Banz (1981), Bhandari (1988) , Statman (1980), and Rosenberg et al (1985), who used ratios, to be more precise, they used Earnings per Share, Market Capitalization, Debt-equity ratios and Book-to-Market ratios respectively. All of these different ratios proved to perform better than the CAPM, and further reiterated by Fama and French (1992) and Fama and French (1993) that ratios perform better where regression has failed to provide reliable answers (Fama and French, 2004, p12,13). The APT on the other hand, has a particular problem, and that is the choice of factor loadings in the model. This theory was tested in several economies around the world however the method of estimat ion of the factors to be used is rather common, that is PCA and Factor Analysis. The factors that are used in the APT should have particular characteristics, as mentioned by Berry et al (1988), three properties are required namely, at the beginning of every period the factor should not be predictable to the market. Secondly it is important that each factor has its importance in the stock market, and finally, each factor should influence expected return, therefore they must have non-zero prices. Roll and Ross (1980) and Lehmann and Modest (1988) both have put more emphasis on the first property (Gagnetti, 2006) Factor analysis was first proposed by Gehr (1978) and Roll and Ross (1980) as a technique to estimate the common factors and factor loadings of security returns at the same time. Nevertheless, Chen et al (1986) instead tried macroeconomic variables to explain asset returns (Gagnetti, 2006). Groesnewold and Fraser (1997) also worked with macroeconomic variables that affec t share returns based on a general hypothesis. But Cheng (1995) did an even more interesting work by performing a factor analysis of both a sample of securities and of the most important categories of macroeconomic variable and later used canonical correlation techniques to compare the two. Testing the APT usually involves time series data to estimate factor loadings for each asset, and the regress the sample mean returns on the factor loadings using a cross-section regression. This method of finding for the required factors substitute the arbitrary and controversial method of trial and error and provides a more scientific way of picking the right factors that is required for the model according to the context it is being used. Gagnetti (2006) has used the same common methodology, as such PCA was used to find the factors required and the software SPSS 8.0 was used to determine the number of factors needed. The result was that 8 factors were selected and the testing concluded that APT is a more robust model than the CAPM, as it was a comparison between the two models.

Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels - 1940 Words

Now days Karl Marx is still consider one of the most significant and influential thinkers of all times. Karl Marx with the help of Engel’s, which was also a political philosopher were the fathers of communist or socialism which was almost establish successfully in Russia. They provided a complex and philosophical analysis of capitalist societies which is still influencing major changes in the societies. Marx opposed to the principles of capitalism and considers that it was an economic system control by labours who exchanged their land labour for money. Also Engels and Marx argued about the exploitation of working class and the interests of the capitalists that affect proletarian. The alienation of man is another reason for Marx to be†¦show more content†¦Also the relation of exploitation can be defined from the antipathies of capitalists and workers for their interests, which is the struggle of the working class ( karl marx). According to Marx, capitalism leads to the alienation of man, which work becomes a punishment rather than a pleasure. ‘Alienation’ was separating people into rigid categories and separates humans from one another by the indifferent to the needs of others. First Marx argues for that work becomes estranged from his product, therefore worker produce products for someone else, man is unable create and enjoy work of labour. Secondly, worker becomes estranged from the work itself, where labour becomes burden after the loss of creativity or identity. Thirdly labour in capitalist societies leads the alienation of people from other species beings, where workers isolated from other beings. In a capitalist society workers become isolated as individuals and view other workers as competitors and enemies rather than friends. As a result of the alienation, humans are turn into machines and tools for the capitalist society and their common bonds and shared concerns are demolished (J.Gin gell, A.Little and C.Winch, 2000). Moreover, Engels and Marx argued that capitalist system segregate human beings into bourgeois and proletariat. Since old times human where divided into separate classes according to Marx and Engels as freeman and slave, orShow MoreRelatedKarl Marx And Friedrich Engels1224 Words   |  5 PagesKarl Marx and Friedrich Engels were asked to write a manifesto for a group that they had recently been accepted into, a group known as the â€Å"Communist League,† a group of activists that met in London. Marx and Engels – though Engels primarily took care of editing and revising, Marx did a large amount of the writing – would write The Communist Manifesto for this group. After the manifesto was published, it became one of the most well-known as well as influential pieces of philosophy, and is the reasonRead MoreKarl Marx And Friedrich Engels974 Words   |  4 Pagesno document has had such far reaching effect as Karl Marx’s, Communist Manifesto. The Communist Mani festo, hereafter referred to as the CM, was published in London, 1848 and served as the culmination of the collaboration between Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. The CM was to serve as the basis for the communist platform, a political system which, in Marx’s and Engel’s view, served as the final destination in the natural progression of society. Marx attributed this progression to the idea that â€Å"classRead MoreKarl Marx And Friedrich Engels1626 Words   |  7 PagesKarl Marx and Friedrich Engels, the infamous villains of capitalism, were authors who wrote The Communist Manifesto. Their theory argues that class struggles or the exploitation of one class by another will give rise to a new world order in which society as a whole will take control of their own destines. This involves the battles between the proletarians and bourgeoisie, communism and democracy, and final capitalism and socialism. However, since the times of Marx and Engel communism has been slowlyRead MoreCommunism Created By Karl Marx And Friedrich Engels799 Words   |  4 Pagesphilosophy and form of government that has been used all over the world. It was created by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. For the most part it has failed to build stable and prosperous nations. What factors caused communism to fail? Can we identify those factors and avoid it entirely? We must try to, and preserve our successful form of government. The creators of communism are Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. Karl Marx was born on May 5, 1818 into a well off German family. He eventually attended universityRead MoreThe Communist Manifesto By Karl Marx And Friedrich Engels1746 Words   |  7 Pagesthe government can do that is acceptable. Niccolo Machiavelli wrote The Prince, in which he argues that people are naturally immoral and will do what they can, whether good or bad, to maintain well-liked. In The Communist Manifesto by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, the main argument is that humans are rational and would be able to govern themselves as a result of have one single class. When thoroughly analyzing each of the political works, it is clear that the main motivating factors behind eachRead MoreThe Communist Manifesto By Karl Marx And Friedrich Engels Essay929 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"The Communist Manifesto† – the work of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels was published on February 21, 1848. This book is the fir st document of scientific communism and the first program of the international communist organizations and parties. It is the most systematic work of all thoughts and great teachings of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. â€Å"The Communist Manifesto† consists of the main statements of the materialistic conception of history, the impartial laws of social development, the laws ofRead MoreThe Communist Manifesto By Karl Marx And Friedrich Engels1255 Words   |  6 PagesThe Communist Manifesto was written by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels to begin explaining Communism and its goals. The Manifesto suggests that history acts according to what is called â€Å"class struggle.† The â€Å"means of production† are what truly defines the class relationships according to Marx and Engels (Marx 2002). Inevitably, the classes conflict and become hostile, no longer moving fluidly (Spalding 2000). The Manifesto states that this conflict becomes so severe that it eventually become s a revolutionRead MoreFrederick Douglass And Karl Marx And Friedrich Engels1137 Words   |  5 PagesBoth authors Frederick Douglass and Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels focus on the topic of freedom. Both authors argue that they are being oppressed. However, this is where the similarities end. Engels and Marx believed that capitalism was a social system used by the proletariats to oppress the bourgeoisie, and that the only way to be free was to fight back against the system. On the other hand, Frederick Douglass focuses more on his individual story and his struggle for freedom, while he tries toRead MoreThe Communist Manifesto By Karl Marx And Friedrich Engels2286 Words   |  10 Pagesmeeting, Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels were commissioned to write a manifesto which soon became known as the Communist Manifesto. â€Å"A road map to history’s most important political document.† These words on the cover of one of the books newest editions to The Communist Manifesto r epresents that this document has been translated into many different form; this particular remake was meant for all levels of education. After reading the newly edited document by Karl Marx and Frederick Engels there isRead MoreThe Communist Manifesto By Karl Marx And Friedrich Engels831 Words   |  4 PagesAdam Hilt November 4, 2015 COMM 8200 Analysis of The Communist Manifesto A spectre is haunting Europe--the spectre of Communism. The Communist Manifesto reflects an attempt by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels to explain the goals of Communism, as well as the theory behind the movement. Marx sees all of Europe allied against the idea of communism and consistently demonizes it and its followers. This caused the Communists to assemble in London and create this Manifesto in order to make their views

Pregnancy Update, Family Adventure And Upcoming Tv Appearance

Jessa Seewald: Pregnancy update, family adventure and upcoming TV appearance Jessa and Ben are due to become proud parents around the time of their first wedding anniversary which happens to be November 1. The happy couple enjoyed an outing with Michelle Duggar, Jill Dillard and baby Israel in New York City. In a recent update of photos Jessa and Ben were spotted outside the Staten Island Ferry terminal. It was great that this little reunion in occurred in New York instead of meeting up in Arkansas, it sure looks like they all had a great time being together. The family met up in New York because that is where TLC is filming the special about child abuse, â€Å"Breaking the Silence†. TLC says that this special documentary was inspired by the†¦show more content†¦We try to make it a habit to always cover the top of our shirt with our hand when we bend over. We don’t want to play the peek-a-boo game with our neckline.† Now the attention is being drawn away from her face and drawing all the attention to her growing belly. The way Jessa has been dressing is still stylish for a girl her age. It would be hard to show off her pregnancy to adoring fans if she kept everything covered up that no one would be able to tell how far along she is at the present time. Some feel the change in style is a good thing. She is young, active, and beautiful and should be able to dress to make herself look attractive instead of frumpy and old-fashioned. Now that she is married and pregnant she’ll be creating a set of rules for her own family. Some rules may still be the same as those she grew up following, others may be totally different and a few may be eliminated altogether. Their family rules will be made by Jessa and Ben and even though Jessa’s parents can still speak their mind on the subject, give advice and share how they feel about certain garments they no longer can be in total charge of their married daughter on all aspects of her life now that sheShow MoreRelatedFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 Pages vi Contents Top Management Commitment 43 Effective Upward Communication 43 Determining What to Communicate 44 Allowing for Feedback 44 Information Sources 44 The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 62 The Civil Rights Act of 1991 63 The Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993 63 Uniformed Services Employment and Reemployment Rights Act of 1994 64 Relevant Executive Orders 64 vii WORKPLACE ISSUES: HRM Certification 44 Is a Career in HRM for Me? 45 ETHICAL ISSUES IN HRM: Purposely DistortingRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagesespecially like to thank Kim Norbuta, Claudia Fernandes, Kelly Warsak, and Judy Leale of Prentice Hall; and Sharon Anderson of BookMasters for her expert assistance with this edition. Finally, and most importantly, we express appreciation to our families for their ongoing patience and support, which is reflected in their willingness to share their time with this competing â€Å"labor of love† and to forgive our own gaps between common sense and common practice. David A. Whetten Kim S. Cameron PREFACE Read MoreContemporary Issues in Management Accounting211377 Words   |  846 Pagespossibilities for previously unimagined volumes of data processing (e.g. Dearden 1966, 1967). Throughout the 1970s and early 1980s, there was noticeable change in the performance measurement debate, with much discussion concerning the necessity to update traditional accounting measurements to take into consideration the eVects of inXation (e.g. Weston 1974; Revsine 1981). In the 1980s, as inXation receded, the performance measurement 2 AHRENS AND CHAPMAN debate shifted towards the role of

The Tragedy Of Queen Mary - 1968 Words

In a country already unstable, the news of Queen Mary’s actions during her reign shook the rickety balance between chaos and peace. Thirty years after King Henry VIII broke away from the Catholic Church, installed a new religion into English culture, and citizens lived in a country where Catholicism was outlawed, the Marian Era began. The Marian Era lasted from 1553-1558, and will forever be remembered as a dark and dangerous time. If one was asked who they knew from the English monarchy during the 16th Century, many will answer â€Å"Bloody Mary†. Everyone knows about the dreaded Queen â€Å"Bloody† Mary, but hardly anyone really knows why. Sparking the question: Why was Queen Mary one of the most hated queens in English history? The lasting hate from Queen Mary’s reign was due in part by her attempts to revive Catholicism in a Protestant England, killing a mass of English citizens, and her overall failures as a queen. Much to the protest of many of England’s Protestant citizens, one of Mary’s main goals as queen was to restore Catholicism as England’s primary, and only, religion. Even though Kings Henry VIII and Edward both outlawed Catholicism in England, Mary still practiced in secret. Thirty years prior, when King Henry VIII renounced the Catholic Church, he created his own; therefore creating a brand new religion: Protestantism. As a result, Catholicism was made illegal and considered heretics if found attending Mass or accepting Communion (Royal Household 1). Mary’s firstShow MoreRelatedMary Stuart: Victim of Evil Political Conspiracies 1656 Words   |  7 PagesEngland that even the birth of his only surviving legitimate child, Mary, could not raise him up. He died at the age of 30 and Mary Stuart was unconsciously put to the Scottish throne. On 9 September 1543, at Stirling Castle, 9-month-old Mary officially became Queen of Scots or Mary I of Scotland. King Henry VIII of England conspired to unit Scotland with England under the reign of Tudors through the marriage between Queen Mary and his son - Prince Edward. However, Marys mother, Marie de Guise -Read More Mary, Queen of Scots Essay829 Words   |  4 PagesMary, Queen of Scots Mary Stewart was born December 7, 1542. Her father was James V, King of Scotland and her mother was Mary of Guise of France. Mary was the third child and only daughter of James V and Mary of Guise, since both of her twin brothers had died before she was born at Linlithgow Palace, Scotland. Seven days after Mary was born, James V, died and his infant daughter succeeded to the Scottish throne. Mary Stewart became Mary, Queen of Scots. In 1547 an English invasion led to theRead MoreA Royal Catfight: The Battle Between Queen Elizabeth I and Queen Mary Stuart1465 Words   |  6 PagesThe reign of Queen Elizabeth I was known as the Elizabethan Age. At this time, the Renaissance had spread to England. As a ruler, she was well educated, speaking about four different languages (Beck 963). However, it was not just her knowledge that made her into a popular monarch. Her personality helped her to become a successful politician as well. In a documentary about Queen Elizabeth I, it was stated, â€Å"She was vain, spiteful, arrogant. She was frequently unjust, and she was often maddeninglyRead MoreThe Other Boleyn Girl1698 Words   |  7 Pageshistory. It is set in the 16th century when the two sisters, Anne and Mary Boleyn are driven by their father and uncle to advance the family’s power and status. They are expected to divert the King of England who, immediately goes for the younger daughter, Mary. She gives birth to a son, which pleases the King, as the Queen, Catherine of Aragon fails to provide a male heir to the English throne. Anne’s aim though is, to become the Queen of England and she won’t give up. What starts as a bid ends in aRead MoreThe Elizabethan Er The Golden Age Of English History1527 Words   |  7 Pagesenemies ( Elizabethan Era.). Queen Elizabeth I was queen from 1558 until her death in 1603, marking the Elizabethan Era.   Her father was King Henry VIII, who ruled from 1509 until his death in 1547, and was succeeded by Elizabeth s siblings Edward and Mary. Her father’s reign was shaped by his separation from the Catholic Church, which sparked years of religious controversy in England. Queen Elizabeth s mother was Protestant, but Elizabeth’s predecessor and sister Mary was Catholic. Navigating theRead More Shakespeares Hamlet Essay: Who is Gertrude?1691 Words   |  7 Pagesquestions about her, the queen, wife of Claudius and former wife of his deceased brother, King Hamlet.    Back in 1883 Samuel Taylor Coleridge in Lectures and Notes on Shakspere and Other English Poets comments on what he interprets as a problem or inconsistency in the presentation of the character Gertrude in Shakespeare’s tragedy, Hamlet:      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Ham. A bloody deed;- almost as bad, good mother,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As kill a king, and marry with his brother.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Queen. As kill a king? Read MoreThe Character of Gertrude in Shakespeare’s Hamlet Essay1558 Words   |  7 Pages    The character of Gertrude in Shakespeare’s tragedy, Hamlet, is not a woman for emulation by others. She is too human, and not very intelligent. Let’s consider her in this essay.    Mary Bradford-Whiting, in her article â€Å"Mothers in Shakespeare† compares the mother of Juliet to the mother of Hamlet:    Juliet has a mother, to whose heart of stone she appeals in vain:    . . . O, sweet my mother, cast me not away! [Romeo and Juliet, III.v.198]    Hamlet has a motherRead MorePercy Bysshe Shelley A Tragic Flaw Essay1707 Words   |  7 Pages(Means). Queen Mab was one of his first major works written in 1813 and it expressed his hate for political tyranny and Christianity (Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia). He expresses how he feels about those who have power when he says â€Å"Power, like a desolating pestilence, Pollutes whate er it touches†(Queen Mab).He then published two more writings and they were called A Vindication of Natural Diet and Refutation of Deism. (Means) Then, Shelley became acquaintances with William Godwin and Mary WollstonecraftRead MoreA Comparison of the Great Gatsby and the Virgin Suicides1553 Words   |  7 Pagesused when daylight began to fade. The beginning of the play was announced by the hoisting of a flag and the blowing of a trumpet. There were playbills, those for tragedy being printed in red. Often after a serious piece a short farce was also given; and at the close of the play the actors, on their knees, recited an address to the king or queen. The price of entrance varied with the theater, the play, and the actors; but it was roughly a penny to sixpence for the pit, up to half a crown for a box. ARead MoreReligious Conflict Between Two Christian Sects, Catholicism And The New Reformation1427 Words   |  6 Pagesthe country s spiritual head† (Clunie). Because of this shift in power, religion became a battleground. Religion in Elizabethan England became conflicted between Catholicism and Reformation religions, such as Protestantism. Clunie states, â€Å"With Queen Elizabeth on the throne, the pendulum swung back toward Protestantism. In efforts to quell sectarian violence, Elizabeth was lenient toward practicing Catholics, however specific laws, such as fining those who did not attend church, kept the Church

Lu Theology 201 Quiz 5 Study Guid Free Essays

QUIZ 5 STUDY GUIDE Towns: Chapter IV What is foretelling? prophesying, predicting future events p 182 What is forthtelling? a preacher to people Why is it essential that Christ was born of a virgin? he would no be able to save himself because he would not be a sinless savior p 185; to have parents without a sin nature What was Christ’s threefold office? prophet, priest, king p 180 What is the incarnation? â€Å"the word became flesh and dwelt among us† p 191; god took on human flesh p 191 What does the act of the kenosis as stated in Philippians 2 mean? ade himself of no reputation; emptied himself; veiling his glory, accepting the limitations of human nature; voluntarily giving up the independent use of his comparative attributes p 191 â€Å"christ surrendered no attribute of deity but that he did voluntarily restrict their independent use in keeping with his purpose of living among men and their limitations p 192 What is hypostatic union? jesus is both god and man, the union of two distinct natures in one person, jesus christ the god man p 197-198 What does â€Å"temptability† mean? enerally understood as the enticement of a person to commit sin by offering some seeming enticement p 208 to have an appeal What does â€Å"impeccability† mean? christ could not and did not sin p 209 What is vicarious suffering? suffering endured by one person in the stead of another p 215 What is a vicar? a substitute, one who takes the place of the other and acts in his stead p 215 What does â€Å"redemption† mean? to be freed p 220 to buy back p 219 What does â€Å"propitiation† mean? the turning away of wrath by an offering p 220 How is every person a sinner on three counts? guilty of personal sin, imputed sin, sin nature p 224 What is the difference between judicial guilt and personal guilt? judicial: non experiential condition of the sinner who stands guilty before god (born in sin, has sin nature, personally commits sin); personal: experiential, how a sinner feels convicted of sins p 225 What theory taught that Christ did not really die on the cross but that the soldiers just thought he did? swoon theory p 233 Know the 12 proofs of the resurrection. p 236 What is the biblical definition of death? separation of a person’s body and spirit p 239 True or False Christ was not God when he was on earth. false Without the shedding of blood, there is no payment for sins. We will write a custom essay sample on Lu Theology 201 Quiz 5 Study Guid or any similar topic only for you Order Now true The law is a unit; to break one is to break all. true Man is not reconciled to God through the blood of Christ; rather, the blood is a metaphor for the moral and noble life we should live. False The disciples were surprised at Christ’s resurrection. True At the resurrection, Christ’s body and spirit were reunited. True How to cite Lu Theology 201 Quiz 5 Study Guid, Essay examples

Issues and Problems in Previous IT Projects-Samples for Students

Question: Write a review on the issues and problems in previous IT projects. Answer: Introduction There are various IT projects that have failed in the past, nevertheless the project that would be discussed in this report would be the U.K. National Health Service system. This system would be discussed in this report and the reasons for its failure. This particular IT project failure is being considered for study as it may be on the top of the list for IT project failures with the most loss of revenue till date and this money belonged to the UK taxpayers money (Connolly, 2018). The purpose of this report is to analyze the Chaos report of the aforesaid IT project failure. Main body The U.K. National Health Service system was aimed at connecting the health data of all the citizens across UK into one system (Guest et al., 2015). This was a top-down project as the project was initiated for political reasons (Kerzner Kerzner, 2017). This was indeed a project that was highly influenced by the political parties and therefore by probability such a project is bound to fail. The abandoned project was estimated to have costed around ten billion pounds of the tax payers money. This project was therefore at the pinnacle of IT project failure as it involved such high losses. The aim of implementing such a system definitely deserved high praise. However, the plan was more theoretical in nature and practical consideration and ideas were not implemented before rolling out the plan for developing such a massive system (Meredith et al., 2016). A successful ICT project must involve the views and opinions of its key stakeholders especially the people who are going to use the syst em. The future users of the healthcare system had raised their concerns about the accessibility criteria of the system and the reasons that would not prove beneficial for the system. However, the political parties and the project planners did not take those opinions into consideration and instead went ahead with their planning as usual. The procurement process was very hasty and that time it was termed as efficient. Future contracts awarding procedures were supposed to be awarded using the same procurement technique as a reference model. However, such a fast and efficient technique was not appropriate for the procurement purposes. The contract terms that seemed viable were accepted up front without any investigation into the matter as to the requirement of the terms. Lack of negotiation has hasted the procurement process nevertheless at the cost of bad procurement strategies. This resulted in extremely poor contract generating process. The service providers did not get paid until th ey delivered the items. This had in turn created a lot of disarray among the vendors. The project demanded a lot of last minute changes to procurement and even addition to existing purchase orders. Large scale service providers can absorb such risks and mitigate them by making a good margin in the process. However, the small service providers could not always handle the enormous risks that entailed the project and would therefore in a matter of time would just get removed from the process eventually. Different regional service providers were thus appointed for the same reason. Contracts got terminated in the course of the project and the remaining service providers had to compensate for the empty slot. Finally, it was about the accountability decision of the project director that led to the dismissal of the system that showed the excellent predicative skills that an ICT manager must possess to determine the success and failure of a project even before it is completed (Saad, Dong Wa n, 2015). Findings The findings suggest that the project failed primarily because it was a large-scale project. Every project consists of some particular steps that must be completed to ensure its success. This project was no exception. The opinions of the users were not taken into consideration as a top-down approach was used. Therefore, the system was not approached with usability and accessibility of the system. The procurement method was hasty and it instead had adverse effect on the whole in the long term as the terms of procurement were harshly implemented. The rapid changes to the project requirement also contributed to cost overrun and therefore project failure. Conclusion Therefore, it can be concluded that the U.K. National Health Service system was a failure due to not one but several reasons. The huge size of the project with lack of realistic approach to it were the primary reasons behind the failure. The project faced cost overrun due to unregulated technical changes and that in turn resulted in the dismissal of the project. The fundamental structure of every ICT project remains the same and must be handled accordingly Reference List Connolly, B. (2018). Top 10 enterprise IT disasters. www.cio.com.au. Retrieved 30 March 2018, from https://www.cio.com.au/article/542245/top_10_enterprise_it_disasters/?pp=2 Guest, J. F., Ayoub, N., McIlwraith, T., Uchegbu, I., Gerrish, A., Weidlich, D., ... Vowden, P. (2015). Health economic burden that wounds impose on the National Health Service in the UK. BMJ open, 5(12), e009283. Kerzner, H., Kerzner, H. R. (2017). Project management: a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling. John Wiley Sons. Meredith, J. R., Shafer, S. M., Mantel Jr, S. J., Sutton, M. M. (2016). Project management in practice. Wiley Global Education. Saad, R. G., Dong, H., Wan, H. (2015). Factors of project manager success. Interdisciplinary Journal of Information, Knowledge, and Management, 10, 63-80. Syal, R. (2018). Abandoned NHS IT system has cost 10bn so far. www.theguardian.com. Retrieved 30 March 2018, from https://www.theguardian.com/society/2013/sep/18/nhs-records-system-10bn.

Why Is There Gravity Essays - Physics, Theoretical Physics

Why Is There Gravity? When you pick up a stone and release it falls to the ground. This seemingly simple concept has been known throughout history as gravitation. Isaac Newton managed to explain gravity in terms of its effects, but few have come up with a working explanation for the driving force behind it. The mysterious nature of some of the more peculiar effects of gravity, as well as the simple ones, indicate that explaining why there is gravity will be a long, difficult, yet intriguing task. Ohanian (1976) writes that without other forces interfering, mass attracts mass. This is the fundamental concept behind gravitation. Newton explained it as "there is a power of gravity pertaining to all bodies, proportional to the several quantities of matter which they contain? The force of gravity towards the several equal parts of any body is inversely as the square of the distance of places from the particles." This description of gravity creates the simple mathematical explanation of gravity: that the force of attraction, F, equals G * ((m1 * m2) / r^2). This holds true for most gravitational interactions on earth, so any proper theory of gravity would have to include similar results for these interactions. Misner, Thorne, and Wheeler (1973) explain that there are, however, some more complex aspects of gravity that this law does not account for. One of these strange gravitational effects is observed in the "perihelion shift" movement of planets, the most dramatically affected of which is the planet Mercury. Feynman, Leighton, and Sands (1963) contest that another hole in Newton's predictions about gravitation is that repercussions of changes in gravitational state are felt instantaneously. In other words, gravitational effects travel faster than the speed of light, which is in direct contradiction with Albert Einstein's Special Theory of Relativity. This led Einstein to develop a more advanced theory of gravitation. This was known as the General Theory of Relativity and is the closest and only thing that mankind has as an answer to " Why is there gravity?" Einstein's General Theory of Relativity introduces the idea that space itself can be curved. Just as the ground on earth appears to be flat though it is actually curved, Einstein suggested that space may behave much in the same way. Misner et al. (1973) compared the curvature of space to an ant walking on the surface of an apple whose direction was perfectly toward the stem of the apple. The shortest possible path on the surface of the apple to the stem was a curved line. Thus Einstein has theorized that the shortest possible path in a gravitational field is actually a curve, which is contrary to traditional Euclidean geometry. The other basic concept of general relativity is that gravity is essentially indistinguishable from acceleration. A person standing inside of a stationary elevator on earth could drop a ball and it would fall, accelerating at approximately 9.8m/s^2. A person standing in an elevator free from gravitational fields, but accelerating upwardly at 9.8m/s^2 would exp erience the same effect. Einstein used this similarity between gravity and acceleration in the creation of the General Theory of Relativity. One of the most stunning things about Einstein's theories is that they were created with virtually no experimental verification. Only later, after his death, have we been able to prove various aspects of the General Theory of Relativity experimentally. In this sense, Einstein was well ahead of his time. One such prediction that was ahead of its time was that time moves slower in the presence of a gravitational field. In Einstein's day, they simply did not have the resources to test this experimentally. In more recent times, however, through the use of atomic clocks we have shown this to be true. It is certainly amazing to make predictions about something so abstract on a purely theoretical basis and then later have those predictions verified through experimentation. Unfortunately, Einstein's General Theory of Relativity is the only theory of gravity that has never failed experimentally. Other theories that work experimentally are essentially tweaked versions of the same ideas that Einstein had in the General Theory of Relativity. I feel this "theory monopoly" that Relativity has is detrimental to physics in general, being that it has

History of Slavery and Its Impact on Contemporary Society

History of Slavery and Its Impact on Contemporary SocietyMy History of Slavary and its Impact on Contemporary Society is a sample essay for students of English composition, working in the field of public speaking, or just about any area where the importance of correct structure and diction are evident. I am a former English teacher who taught high school English, as well as a writer, copywriter, and editor.This sample essay began life as a memoir by my brother, Robert. Now, the essay has gone through a fair amount of editing, and I have condensed and greatly condensed its content. Nonetheless, I would like to provide some insight into my thinking about the essay, which you will find in the next section. It is important that you understand why I wrote the essay, and what it is trying to convey, before reading the rest of this description.To begin with, I had some misgivings about my past work as an English teacher. Some of my students and colleagues expressed a worry that they were no t able to properly teach English, and that I was actually afraid to speak in front of them. I was not in fact afraid to speak in front of them, but there were many times when I did not feel that I was explaining the material correctly. It is important that the student feels that the material being taught is well understood. Many times, I found myself addressing issues that had no bearing on the learning process, and that I had to resort to remedial homework assignments in order to help my students become more skilled at the subject.One issue that I was quite troubled by was the problem of knowing the history of slavery and its impact on contemporary society. That is to say, I knew that the Renaissance period was one of tremendous change, and that many of the key historical figures of the period were essentially remarkable personalities, but that these individuals did not always enjoy widespread popularity. On the other hand, it could be argued that the generally benign image of Al C apone probably played a role in his continuing popularity. It is no mystery that in the 21st century, many people are not aware of the difficulties that faced many Americans in the middle years of the 20th century. For me, it is important that students are able to appreciate the nuances of these periods, and that they are better able to examine the implications of events that occurred in those periods for the entire course of their lives.There are many who argue that the English language is not a natural language, and that it can only be learned through the study of other languages. I do not share that view. I believe that language can be learned, and that the best way to learn it is to be exposed to English at a very early age. That is why I felt that teaching English as a second language, through immersion in a language that is native to that country, is very important.The History of Slavery and its Impact on Contemporary Society is a sample essay that enables students to have the opportunity to gain first-hand knowledge of the changes that occurred in the culture and the political environment during the middle years of the 20th century. As I was writing the essay, I realized that much of what is used in class today is borrowed from history textbooks and movies. The idea of using such sources does not sound appealing, particularly when it involves facts that are very difficult to access.In the end, I wanted to use the history of slavery and its Impact on Contemporary Society as a vehicle for examining the philosophy of art, the politics of the individual, and the relations between family and society. If you look closely, I believe that this sample essay does an excellent job of demonstrating all of these points.

Iconology and Semiotics Comparison Essay Example

Iconology and Semiotics Comparison Essay Example Iconology and Semiotics Comparison Essay Iconology and Semiotics Comparison Essay 11/11/2013 Edgar Gomes Prof. Brooks, Art History and Appreciation II Art Paper # 2: Iconology and Semiotics Comparison We as humans all have an item or two that has been passed down or inherited. Whether it is from a family member or a close friend, we have received something that has a deep meaning and/or tells a story about someone or something that extremely relates to ones self. The meaning the original object or story holder has, does not mean it is understood by others who hold the same story or object. As a 2 years old kid, I received a tiny sphere shaped black stone pendant, with white polka ots and gold plates on the north and south points. As I got older and was explained what it meant to our culture, I started understanding and appreciating it as I grew older. The sphere is supposed to protect the person who receives it from all evil and bad luck. It is usually given to the children from the mother or a close family member. Also the purpose and meaning is defeated if someone gives their selves the sphere. To other cultures, or people I am sure the sphere is considered Just a gifted sphere from someone with nothing else but an object and over seen as such an intangible meaning and beliefs. In the art world this situation is consider iconology and/or semiotics. During this paper I will be discussing how I think iconology and semiotics are very similar. In our everyday lives we go through things we dont know the meanings of or how it came about. Iconology is a great deal of this concept. Iconology is the study of visual imagery and its symbolism and interpretation, especially in art, social and political terms. This term was given by the Erwin Panofsky (1892 1968) when he published Studies in Iconology during 1939. In Panofskys study of art objects and images there are 3 points. The 1st level is as simple as identification. For example, if I showed you a picture of a man with armor on his body and sword in his hand, you are going to automatically identify the man as a warrior without anyone telling you that. The 2nd point is connecting artistic patterns with concepts, themes or conventional meaning. This step is linking what you know about the artist patterns based on theme and concepts. His 3rd point is probably best explained when quoted, It is apprehended by ascertaining those underlying principles which reveal the basic attitude of a nation, a period, class, a religious or hilosophical persuasion qualified by one personality and condensed into one workl . In other words Panofsky is saying that we have to use our own interpretation from common knowledge of the art product in order to comprehend it. If I asked anyone to think of and draw an old school cowboy, I would most likely have the same description of one as they would. He would have mulatto/dark skin, bow and arrows, fit/muscular body and a gentleman on a horse. However, if I asked for someone to think of a modern cowboy, they would think of the latest Caucasian, wild west, big ough hands, horse riding, with a gun on the waist or ankle holster and whos an asshole to most people. I am sure these are the image that comes to most peoples mind who thinks of those two different cowboys. This here to me is a great example cowboys thru pictures, art, movies and stories. The items/obJects and descriptions of the cowboys are icons to us and how we relate to who they are and what period of time it is. Semiotics is the study of symbols, signs and interpretation. In other words, it is the observation and use of signs and symbols. In the art worlds the nterpretation is all about the audience/viewer. Whatever it is they intake and digests about the art work, symbol or signs is what matters in this case. Semiotics happens to use in an everyday life basis and some of us dont even know or care for. Just as iconology, it has to do a lot with cultural, religion, nation, and period in time. All those points that connect iconology and semiotics are Just plain knowledge and experience in my opinion. With both having very strong similarities as one basically makes the other. Also it wouldnt be far fetching if someone can said they basically make each ther. I would not disagree with someone that says that because I find that totally acceptable. With iconology comes a symbol and representation of what you know and can identify with a person or a thing. That meaning comes from the persons logic, knowledge, culture, nation and period in time. In my opinion, the only little difference from the two mythology is where the person has no info or knowledge personally or given of the art work. For example, in 1943, Pablo Picasso described this to photographer George Brassal about his Bulls Headii artwork, Guess how I made the bulls head? One day, in a pile of objects all Jumbled up together, I found an old bicycle seat right next to a rusty set of handlebars. In a flash, they Joined together in my head. The idea of the Bulls Head came to me before I had a chance to think. All I did was weld them together [but] if you were only to see the bulls head and not the bicycle seat and handlebars that form it, the sculpture would lose some of its impact. 2 This is why I believe that both mythologies are so similar and feed off one another. In iconology terms this object could be a symbol that people have seen most nd relate the most from before throughout their life time, and it would most likely and up signifying a bicycle which most people have seen and relate to, appose to a bull. At the same time, someone can get to that same conclusion using Semiotics because if all one sees visually is what they had experienced in the past, which in this case I am sure most people have seen and dealt with a bicycle more than a bulls head. So naturally those people are going to relate to the sculpture as a bicycle. Experience and knowledge has a lot to do with these two mythologies and how one reacts visual, emotionally, and mentally. Another example I can give about how these two are very similar but yet a bit different is on the title. Without the title of the art work, there is no telling what a persons idea of the sculpture would be. However, given the title, which would affect the iconic knowledge of a person, people would surely have the idea that the sculpture is a bulls head. That little difference of where someone or something tells you what something means can be the difference in how you intake something solely based on your own opinion, emotion, or knowledge. To conclude, iconology and semiotics have extreme similarities but however do have a mall difference in my opinion. They actually even collaborate with each other because seeing and understanding something means you need the base knowledge of something. Something involving iconology is when an icon or object has been given to you over time with other art work knowledge, which is sometimes slightly perspective of the art work can be different since is Just based on the persons own emotion, knowledge, experience and time. As the example that I gave earlier about the Bulls Head, The mythologies are so similar that they basically lead to the same utlook and view on how one might end up getting the same perspective of the art work. However, they are still a tiny different and a small change to the detail as the title being given. Also knowing that Picasso was a Spaniard, and having the very common knowledge that it is a yearly tradition that they have the running of the bulls in Spain, can make the difference within the two mythologies. i Cape Verdean spirit sphere/ball pendant ii Penrose, Roland (1981). Picasso: His Life and Work, Third edition. University of californta press. p. 345. ISBN 0-520-04207-7.

The Common App - New Questions for 2013

The Common App - New Questions for 2013 The Common Application keeps a-changing! This admissions season we have both a new word limit (650, increased from 500) and new question choices. Here are the questions you will be asked to choose from if you are applying to college this fall: Some students have a background or a story that is so central to their identity that they believe their application would be incomplete without it. If this sounds like you, then please share your story. Recount an incident or time when you experienced failure. How did it affect you, and what did you learn? Reflect on a time when you challenged a belief or idea. What prompted you to act? Would you make the same decision again? Describe a place or environment where you are perfectly content. What do you do or experience there, and why is it meaningful to you? Discuss an accomplishment or event, formal or informal, that marked your transition from childhood to adulthood within your culture, community or family. As pointed out by the Huffington Post, these questions are designed for you to demonstrate what you would contribute to your college class. What is special about you? What character do you possess? What are your values? What’s important to you? Do these questions seem daunting? Said one of my clients, â€Å"These questions all seem so theoretical!† He did not know where to start. Allow me to make a suggestion: Consider that these questions are only theoretical if you don’t know what you want to say in your essay. Once you choose a topic, I’m willing to bet you can find a way to talk about it in response to one of the five Common App questions. There’s a trick for interview preparation where you write a list of things you want to talk about, and then use whatever questions the interviewer asks to say what you wanted to say. It’s an art to succeed in this method, as you do need to answer the question (you can’t answer a different one). Let’s look at an example as it applies to the Common App. Let’s say you want to talk about your love of music and what it’s like to perform. You could answer any one of the Common App essay questions and say what you want to say. Perhaps your musical abilities are central to who you are (#1). Perhaps you played a wrong note in a concert, or struggled in some other way as you learned (#2). Maybe your parents or teacher wanted one thing for you, and you wanted another (#3). Is the stage a place where you feel completely at peace? If so, maybe question #4 is for you. And certainly if music is important enough to you for an essay, you might have some accomplishment there that marked a transition to adulthood (#5). As you consider how your topic might apply to each question, you might learn something about yourself you didn’t know before! â€Å"OK,† you might be saying, â€Å"Now the questions seem less theoretical, but I’m still daunted: If I could write a great answer to every one of the questions, how do I possibly choose which one to answer?† I would suggest outlining a response to as many of the questions as you think you might want to answer; then evaluate which question allows you to express yourself most fully. In which answer do the most aspects of yourself get revealed? And, perhaps most important, which answer is most interesting to read? Important: The most interesting answer will not necessarily be the easiest to write. It might be less straightforward and take more thought and creativity- which is exactly what admissions committees are looking for! What if I don’t have a topic in mind? If you don’t have a topic you know you want to write about, try going through the questions one by one and having a conversation with someone (most likely someone other than your parents) about how you might answer each question. Brainstorm ideas and see what arises. Give it some time. Sleep on it. Have conversations with more than one person. You might discover a topic you didn’t know could become an essay! And of course, if you’re still stuck, it might be time to work with a professional essay coach. The Essay Expert would be happy to help!

Finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Finance - Essay Example The capital structures of the companies were affected strongly since the availability of debt capital financing as well as equity capital financing declined considerably. Under influence of the financial crunch firms reduced security issuance and financial institutions reduced issuance of loans by a large extent (Fosberg, 2012). Among many consequences, the major consequence faced by the firms was in their capital structure. The defaults of mortgage loans led to significant increase in debt amount of the firm’s capital structure. Results of recent research show that between the years 2006 and 2008 the market debt ratio (MDR) of the firms increased on average by 5.5 percent (Fosberg, 2012). The financial crisis was supplemented by severe recession in the US economy which boosted the soaring market debt ratios of the firms. If the effect of recession is removed then debt accumulation of the firms solely due to the financial crisis has been found to be approximately 5.1 percent ( Fosberg, 2012). This affirms the severity of the effect of the financial crisis on debt accumulation by the corporations and their capital structure. ... n capital structure made by the financial crisis, different factors were adjusted, such as, reduced profitability of the firm that resulted from recession. Although the effects cast by the financial crisis were major, the effects of recession were also huge and put significant effects on the debt capital financing by the firms. This paper evaluates the effects of the crisis critically from the points of view of three most recognized theories of capital structure and provides explanation with the help of real examples of companies that have suffered the impacts of the crisis. Literature Review Brigham and Ehrhardt (2002) explain in their book, Financial Management, that capital structure is one of the important instruments that allow firms to maintain control of its administration. Improper capital structure might be fatal for any organization. Capital structure relates to the various components of the financial policies made by the firms regarding investment activities (Jones, 2011). It is related to bankruptcy risk that high leverage firms might face during financially instable times. While the use of more leverage magnifies returns for equity holders, the downside threat of holding a large amount debt is very high. Therefore, firms should carefully consider their capital structure in their financial policies (Gunay, 2002). Debt financing The proportion of debt financing in the capital structure of a firm differ between firms and also depend on the existing capital structure. The type of debt incurred and the extent up to which the debt is extended are decided by the factors such as the cost of the debt and its availability to the firm. Without taking bonds into consideration, debt financing can be categorized in to two types, namely, financial credits and trade

Marketing and Marketing Strategy Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Marketing and Marketing Strategy - Coursework Example The first product that I choose was an automobile. This was a high involvement purchase. This is because the product was expensive and would have a significant impact on my life. Moreover, this was a product that I had to spend a considerable amount of time and also effort searching for. This was also so because there were significant differences between the brands that were available at the time in terms of their performance and quality ("Indmedica - CyberLectures - High Involvement Purchase Decisions", n.d., p. 2). However, the second product that I chose, newspaper, was a low involvement purchase since the product was that which is habitually purchased and therefore the decision of choosing it required very little effort. It was also a low involvement purchase because the newspaper had insignificant effect on my lifestyle and was not that an important investment. 1st Product: Automobile The following are the 5 buying decision process that I followed in buying this product. a) Prob lem recognition This is the stage I realized that I actually needed a car. I would want to conveniently travel to my job place every morning but could not do so as I did not have a convenient means of transport. b) Information search This is where I started looking for what could solve my transport problem. I looked for information on the convenient means that I could use to travel to my workplace and concluded on buying a car. c) Evaluation of alternatives Here, I took into consideration all the car models that were available and which one of them would best fit my needs. I also considered the alternatives that were available for me including their prices and the shops selling them. d) Purchase decision After all the considerations and consultations, I decided to buy a model of my choice. This is where I also walked to the shop that I had chosen and actually paid for the car. e) Post-Purchase evaluation This I did after the purchase. I evaluated the car that I had bought; its impor tance and how convenient having it would be. I also confirmed that I had made the right choice. 2nd Product: Newspaper I only followed two processes for my second low involvement purchase. a) Problem recognition This is where I discovered my need for the newspaper and decided to buy one. b) Purchase evaluation Here, I went straight to the nearest and easily accessible shop and bought the newspaper that I wanted. Question 2 My first purchase was a high involvement purchase and this meant that I had to follow all the processes of consumer purchase. I had to make sure that I had put into consideration all the facts and information concerning the product that would make me chooses the right one. Unlike the first one, the automobile was very expensive and therefore there was no room for mistake in my purchase. This required me to carefully evaluate all the then available alternatives and make a solid decision based on facts considerations. In buying this high involvement product, automob ile, I had to first look for information after identifying my problem. I also had to evaluate all the possible alternatives before making my final purchase. Contrary to this, for the second low involvement purchase, newspaper, I did not have to do a lot. This was a product that I usually bought so I knew what I needed. The only thing that I wanted was a shop that was nearby and a place where I could easily; conveniently and quickly buy the newspaper. For these reasons, unlike